1,2-diacylglycerol 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonates

ABSTRACT

1,2 and 2,3-Diacylglycerols are prepared from sn-glycerol 1,2acetonide via the intermediate sn-glycerol 1,2-acetonide 3(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate, which, after hydolysis with acid to the 1,2-diol derivative rearranges stereospecifically in pyridine or thermally to give sn-glycerol 2,3-carbonate.

United States Patent Pfeiffer et a1. 5] June 20, 1972 54] 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROL 3-(2,2,2- [56] References Cited TRICHLOROETHYL) CARBONATES UNITED STATES PATENTS [72] Inventors: Francis R. Heifler, Cinnaminson; Jerry A.

weisbach, Cherry Hill, both of NJ 2,266,591 12/1941 Eckey et a1. ..99/l63 [73] Assignee: Smith, Kline 8; French Laboratories, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Phlladelphla- Rakhit et 211.; Canadian J. Chemistry, V01. 47, No. 15, pp. 22 Filed: Sept. 17,1970 2906- 2910- 8/1/69 PP- 73,224 Primary Examiner-Lewis Gotts Assistant E.\'aminer-Diana G. Rivers Rehned Application Dam Attorney-William H. Edgenon, Richard D. Foggio, Joan S. [63] Continuationin-part of Ser. No. 722,538, April 19, Keps, Alan D. Lourie and Joseph A. Marlino 1968, Pat. No. 3,558,656.

[57] ABSTRACT 52 l 4 ,26 l 1 U S C 1,2 and 2,3-Dlacylg1ycerols are prepared from sn-glycerol 1,2- [51 110.01. ..C07c 69/30 C070 69/00 C07d 13/04 acemnide the immediate sn'glyceml lz'aiemnide [58] Field of Search ...260/408,463,4l0.7 us (zll-trkhlomethyl) Carbonate, hich, after hydolysis with acid to the 1,2-dio1 derivative rearranges stereospecifically in pyridine or thermally to give sn-g1ycerol 2,3-carb0nate.

4 Claims, No Drawings 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROL 3-(2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHYL) CARBONATES O-CHz C C CII CHQO COOCHEC C1 A second product aspect of the invention consists of the novel and useful compound sn-glycerol 3-( 2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate (III).

(I; l ,0 ll II 0 C H CHzOCOO CHaC C13 III A third product aspect of the invention consists of the novel and useful compound sn-glycerol l,2-carbonate-3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate (V).

O(|."lI

CIIgOCOOClluCCla (HI OPOH. RUOOJ H ()ll O COUOII'JU (ll:

In the formula X, R may be a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group of 9 to 19 carbon atoms. Among the groups which are therefore encompassed by the RC0 designation are capryl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, arachidoyl, A-decylenoyl, A dodecylenoyl, palmitoleoyl, oleoyl, elaidoyl, ricinoleoyl, petroselinoyl, vaccenoyl, linoleoyl, linolenoyl, and arachidonyl. it is preferred that both acyl groups be the same, although selective acylation by known methods permits the preparation of compounds having different acyl groups. I

The process aspect of the invention consists of a method for preparing sn-glycerol 2,3-carbonate (IV) through hydrolysis of sn-glycerol l,2-acetonide-3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) CH3 0-0112 GB CHQOII 1. II 2. Baseor heat 0(JI[ CH3 0- ,II O=C CIIzOCOOCIIzCCla 0()H2 II IV carbonate (II) with a weak acid and rearrangement to IV by means of thermal or base catalysis. The preferred hydrolytic system consists of boric acid and tnmethyl borate. Temperatures from approximately 25 to the reflux temperature of the solvent may be used, the length of time required being approximately inversely proportional to the temperature. Temperatures of 80-l00 for about 2 hours are preferred in the boric acid-trimethyl borate system to effect the rearrangement Generally, temperatures of about 65-l50 are effective to cause the rearrangement. A base such as pyridine may also be used.

Another useful system consists of first hydrolyzing ll with dilute hydrochloric acid in a solvent such as methanol-ether at room temperature and then cyclizing to IV with a base such as pyridine or by heating (65-l Temperatures of about 35 may be employed in the hydrolysis, room temperature being preferred.

The invention in all its aspects is made clear by reference to the chart below.

CHEOH CH; 0-011? 011 0-01L 0112011 0oH p c t not m 0=c l ("in o on 01 1, 0 u r wugoco 001m 013 o -t 1|.-

vmou movoovmuch l u m n i v i cmocer 0c11-1 02cm cmocon O(11I 0=c 0=c RCOO(|)H o=c l o H \O-CH omocoocngccla 0 H2 (3112011 rimocoocmc 011 v1 v 2: X1

0112011 cmocoR cmocon cmoH HO H ROOO( 3H raccoon ncoor'm ll-1 0cm C H'gOCOqin C HQOH C IHQOCOR vn IX XII VIII Compound II is. prepared by treatment of sn-glycerol 1,2- acetonide (I) with 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate in the presence of an acid acceptor such as pyridine. This novel intermediate is converted to sn-glycerol 2,3-carbonate (IV) by means of a weak acid, e.g., H 80 followed by heating at 65-1S0. The rearrangement is stereospecific and results in the elimination of trichloroethanol and acetone. sn -Gl ycer ol 3 (2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate (III) is also obtained in the reaction, this product being the expected hydrolysis product of II. Vacuum distillation of III also produces IV, with the elimination of trichloroethanol. When the reaction mixture containing Ill and IV is treated with triphenylmethyl chloride in'the presence of an acid acceptor such as pyridine, the known sn-glycerol 2,3-carbonate l-triphenylmethyl ether (XI) is obtained. This compound is then converted by known methods to 2,3-diacyl-sn-glyercols, including the 2,3- distearate, 2,3-dioleate, 2,3-dilinoleate, and 2,3-dielaidate, which are preferred. These products are optically active and can alternatively be designated as L-2,3diacylglycerols or D- l ,2-diacylglycerols.

Compound XI is converted to the diacylglycerols by hydrolysis of the carbonate group with alkali, acylation with two equivalents of an acyl halide such as stearoyl chloride, and removal of the triphenylmethyl ether grouping with boric acid and trimethyl borate. The rearrangement of compound H to give compound IV thus enables one to readily prepare the 2,3- diacyl-sn-glycerols XII in six steps.

The present invention also provides a means for preparing the enantiomeric 1,2-diacyl-sn-glyercols IX, alternately designated as D-2,3-diacylglycero1s or L-l,2-diacylglycerols. Compound II is hydrolyzed in strong acid, preferably in 1N hydrochloric acid and the resulting sn-glycerol 3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl carbonate) III is then acylated with an acid halide such as stearoyl chloride to give the sn-glycerol 1,2- distearate 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate X. Removal of the trichloroethyl carbonate group with zinc and acetic acid gives the diacylglycerol IX.

An alternative method of obtaining these sn-l,2-diacylglycerols (IX) involves the reaction of compound III with phosgene to give sn-glycerol 1,2-carbonate 3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate (V). Removal of the trichloroethyl carbonate group with zinc and acetic acid gives the sn- 1 ,2-carbonate VI. Formation of the 3-triphenylmethyl ether and hydrolysis of the carbonate with alkali gives compound VII. Diacylation aspreviously described gives VIII and removal of the triphenylmethyl group give the products IX.

The present process thus provides a method for obtaining both of the optically active l ,2-diacylglycerols by means of a limited number of reactions starting with the novel common intermediate II. The advantages of the process are readily apparent from the recognition that the intermediate sn-glycerol l-triphenylmethyl ether 2,3-carbonate (XI) was previously obtainable only from D-mannitol in a l2-step sequence and the intermediate sn-glycerol 1,2-carbonate 3-triphenylmethyl ether was previously obtainable only from a multistep sequence using sn-glycerol-3-benzyl ether as an intermediate. The present process obviously requires many fewer steps. It is especially advantageous in preparing diacylglycerols in which the acyl groups are unsaturated, as previous methods have required cumbersome and lengthy procedures involving protective groups.

The diacylglycerols obtained by means of the present process and from the novel intermediates of this invention are known to be used as emulsifying agents, particularly in the food industry, and as coatings for pharmaceutical products. They are used in the preparation of baked goods and in superglycerinated shortenings. They are used as coating materials for various food products such as meat, fish, and cheese in order to protect them against loss of moisture and against consynthesis, metabolism, and deposition of body fat. They are EXAMPLE I sn-Glycerol-l,Z-acetonide 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate To an ice cold solution of 62.3 g. (0.47! mole) of snglycerol 1,2-acetonide in 25 ml. of dry CI-ICl was added slowly 50 ml. of dry pyridine. Then a solution of g. (0.471 'mole) of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate in 50 ml. of CI-ICl was added dropwise at 0. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature, diluted with 400 ml. of ether and washed successively with dil. I-ICl, water, 5 percent NaI-I- CO; and water. After drying (Na SO the solvent was evaporated and the colorless syrup was distilled to afford 1 18.5 g. (82 percent) of the title compound, b.p. l30/0.025 mm; [011 l.5 (c 0.87, CI-ICl nmr (CDCl 84.81 (s, 2, CI-I CCI Anal. Calcd for C l-I Cl O C, 35.15; H, 4.26; CI, 34.58. Found: C, 35.35; H, 4.39; CI, 34.80.

EXAMPLE 2 sn-Glycerol 2,3-carbonate l-triphenylmethyl ether A solution of 4.65 g. of sn-glycerol-1,2-acetonide 3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate, 2.0 g. of boric acid, and 20 ml. of trimethyl borate was refluxed for 1 hr. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then the mixture was heated on a rotary evaporator at 80 for 40 minutes, and cooled and diluted with ml. of water and 300 ml. of ethyl acetate. The resulting suspension was swirled in a separatory funnel until all the solids had dissolved. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with biine, dried (Na SO concentrated and azeotroped with benzene to afford a viscous syrup. Glc analysis of the product (as the trifluoroacetate derivatives) showed the material to be a mixture of 74.3 percent of sn-glycerol 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate and 25.7 percent of sit-glycerol 2,3-carbonate.

The crude product was dissolved in 15 ml. of CI-ICl and 10 ml. of pyridine and 4.21 g. of triphenylmethyl chloride was added; the solution was stirred at 60 for 18 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and the solution was washed with dil. I-ICl, water, 5 percent NaI-ICO and water. The dried solution was evaporated to give a white solid which was crystallized from acetone-petroleum ether to yield 3.7 g. (68 percent) of the title compound, m.p. 2l52l7. Additional recrystallization from acetone gave the analytical specimen, m.p. 2l7-2l9; [a] l9.l(c l.33,CHCl

Anal. Calcd for C l-I 0 C, 76.65; H, 5.59. Found: C, 76.58; H, 5.66.

EXAMPLE 3 sn-Glycerol 1,2-carbonate 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate A solution of l 1.1 g. of sn-glycerol-l,2-acetonide 3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate, 20 ml. of ether, 6 ml. of methanol, and 3 ml. of 3 N HCl was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then evaporated in vacuo at 30 to give an oily residue. The oil was dissolved in 300 ml. of ethyl acetate and washed with brine (6X). The dried solution was concentrated and azeotroped with benzene to give a colorless, viscous syrup which was a mixture of 93.5 percent of sn-glyercol 3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate and 6.5 percent of sn-glycerol 2,3- carbonate. This mixture was dissolved in 50 ml. of dry pyridine and a stream of phosgene was introduced over the top of the stirred solution (kept at 0). After 30-40 minutes,

during which time a solid precipitated, the reaction was cautiously quenched by the addition of ice, then diluted with 200 ml. of ice-water and the solid extracted into ether. The ether solution was washed with dil. l-lCl, water, 5 percent NaHCO and water. Removal of the ether gave 10.4 g. of an oily white solid which was crystallized from ether to afford white, crystalline sn-glycerol 1,2-carbonate 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate, m.p. 77-79. An analytical sample was recrystallized from isopropanol, m.p. 8082; [a] 10.5 (c 1.16, CHCI nmr (CDCI 84.80 (s, 2, CH CCl Anal. Calcd for C H,Cl O C, 28.65; H, 2.40; CI, 36.24. Found: C, 29.01; H, 2.42; Cl, 36.45.

EXAMPLE 4 sn-Glycerol 1,2-distearate 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)carbonate Crude sn-glycerol 3-(2,2,2-trich1oroethyl) carbonate (5.34 g.) was dissolved in 25 ml. of dry CHCl and 4.5 ml. of pyridine. To the cooled solution was added dropwise a solution of 12 g. of stearoyl chloride in 50 ml. of CHCI The solution was stirred for 48 hours at 25, diluted with ether and washed with dil. HCl, water, NaHCO and water, dried (Na- 80,) and concentrated to a white, airfare; Tlc sh owed the product to be contaminated with some sn-glyercol '1- stearate 2,3-carbonate. This mixture was chromatographed over Florisil with ether-petroleum ether mixtures to give 9.7 g. (60 percent) of homogeneous sn-glycerol 1,2-distearate 3- (2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate, m.p. 5556. Recrystallization from ether-methanol gave the white, crystalline analytical sample, m.p. 5657; [05] 1.7 (c 1.05, CHCl nmr (CDCI 84.76 (s, 2, CH CCl Anal. Calcd for C H Cl 0,: C, 63.02; H, 9.70; Cl, 13.29. Found: C, 63.53; H, 9.66; Cl, 13.43.

Following the same procedure as described above, there was prepared sn-glycerol 1,2-dioleate 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate), [0W 1.4 (c 0.88, CHCl nmr (CDCl 64.78 (s, 2, CH CCl Anal. Calcd for C H Cl 0 C, 63.34; H, 9.24; Cl, 13.36. Found: C, 63.30; H, 9.21; Cl, 13.54.

Also prepared by the same procedure was sn-glycerol 1,2- dilinoleate 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate; [011 3.28 (c 1.49, CHCI nrrir (CDCI 64.80 (s, 2, cr-r,cc1,

Anal. Calcd for C H C1 O C, 63.66; H, 8.78; Cl, 13.42. Found: C, 63.25; H, 8.77; Cl, 13.60.

In a similar fashion there may be prepared sn-glycerol 1,2- dielaidate 3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)carbonate and other 1,2 diacyl-sn-glycerols.

EXAMPLE sn-Glycerol 1,2-disterate A suspension of 1.0 g. of sn-glycerol 1,2-distearate 3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate, 1.0 g. of activated zinc, 15 ml. of glacial acetic acid and 15 ml. of ether was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The zinc was filtered off and the filter cake washed with ether. The filtrate was washed with NaHCt) solution and water, dried, and evaporated and the crystalline residue crystallized from methanol and then from ether to afford pure sn-glycerol 1,2-distearate, m.p. 73.5-74.5; [a] 2.6 (c 1, CHCI Anal. Calcd for C89H16O5: C, 74.94; H, 12.26. Found: C, 75.14; H, 12.19.

Following the same procedure used in the preparation of the above glycerol distearate, there was prepared the dioleate, an oil, which was chromatographed over Florisil impregnated with 10 percent boric acid, using hexane-ether mixtures to remove small amounts of the 1,3-isomer, [04] 1.87 (c 6.2, CHCl The 1,2-dilinoleate, 1,2-dielaidate, and other 1,2-diacylglycerols are prepared in a similar fashion.

EXAMPLE 6 sn-Glycerol 2,3-distearate l-triphenylmethyl ether A solution of 1.2 g. (3.59 mmol) of sn-glycerol l-triphenylmethyl ether (prepared by NaOH hydrolysis of sn-glycerol 2,3-carbonate l-triphenylmethyl ether as described in J. Chem. Soc. 1967, 431), 2 ml. of pyridine and 10 ml. ofCHCl was cooled in ice and a solution of 2.17 g. (7.19 mmole)of stearoyl chloride in 10 ml. of CHCl was added dropwise. The solution was stirred for 48 hours at 25, diluted with ether and washed with cold 0.5 N HCl, water, 5 percent NaHCO and water. After workup there was isolated 4.2 g. of crude product which was chromatographed over 160 g. of Woelm alumina (Act. III) with petroleum ether as eluent. Crystallization from petroleum ether-methanol gave 2.25 g. (73 percent) of pure sn-glycerol 2,3-distearate l-triphenylmethyl ether, m.p. 51.552.5. The analytical sample from petroleum ether had m.p. 52.5-53.5; [a1 2, 12.2 (c 0.99, circa Anal. Calc'd for C l-1 0 C, 80.32; H, 10.46.

Found: C, 80.60; H, 10.55.

EXAMPLE 7 sn-Glycerol 2,3-dioleate l-triphenylmethyl ether To 3.34 g. (0.01 mole) of sn-glycerol l-triphenylmethyl ether in 5.6 ml. of pyridine and 15 ml. of CHCl was added dropwise with cooling 6.01 g. (0.02 mole) of oleoyl chloride in 25 m1. of CHCl The reaction was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature and worked up as described for the distearate above to give an orange oil which contained 1 major product (tlc). Chromatography over 350 g. of Florisil using petroleum ether-benzene mixtures afiorded 5.7 g. of the title'compound, [021 9.4 (c 1.23, CHCl Anal. Calcd for C l-1 0,: C, 80.69; H, 10.04. Found: C, 80.56; H, 9.97.

EXAMPLE 8 sn-Glycerol 2,3-distearate A mixture of 300 mg. of sn-glycerol 2,3-distearate 1- triphenylmethyl ether, 300 mg. of boric acid and 6 m1. of trimethyl borate was refluxed for 3 hours, then heated on a rotary evaporator for 30 minutes at The orange syrup was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with water and then dried and concentrated to an oily solid. Tlc showed the crude product to be a mixture of mostly 1,2-diglyceride with a trace of 1,3-diglyceride, some triphenylmethylcarbinol and triphenylmethyl methyl ether. A crystallization from methanol removed the triphenylmethyl derivatives and another crystallization from hexane gave pure sn-glycerol 2,3-distearate, m.p. 72-73.5; [041 2.5 (c 1.2 CHCl The 2,3-dioleate was obtained using the same procedure described for the distearate except that the crude produce (an oil) was chromatographed over Florisil impregnated with 10 percent boric acid, and using hexane and hexane-ether mixtures as the eluting system. The triphenylmethyl impurities were removed in the first few cuts, and the small amount of l,3-diglyceride was eluted before the pure dioleate was obtained; [0:] 2.14 (c 5.62, CHCI The 2,3-dilinoleate, 2,3-dielaidate, and other 2,3-diacylates are prepared in a similar manner.

EXAMPLE 9 then with a vacuum pump (0.02 mm, pot temperature less than 40). The crude syrupy sn-glycerol 1,2-carbonate was dissolved in 20 ml. of dry CHCl and 10 ml. of pyridine, and 3.8 g. of trityl chloride was added. After stirring overnight at 25 the solution was diluted with ethyl acetate and worked up .in the manner described in Example 2 to give 2.0 g. (53 per- EXAMPLE l sn-Glycerol l,2-distearate sn-Glycerol 1,2-carbonate B-triphenylmethyl ether is hydrolyzed with NaOH to sn-glycerol 3-triphenylrnethyl ether by the procedure of J. Chem. Soc. 1967, 431. This compound is then treated with 2 equivalents of stearoyl chloride in pyridine and chloroform according to the procedure of Example '6 to give sn-glycerol 1,2-distearate S-triphenylmethyl ether. The triphenylmethyl group is then removed with boric acid and trimethyl borate according to the procedure of Example 8 to give sn-glycerol 1,2-distearate.

sn-Glycerol 1,2-dioleate, sn-glycerol l,2-dilinoleate, snglycerol l,2-dielaidate, and other sn-glycerol 1,2-diacylates are prepared in the same manner by acylating sn-glycerol 3- triphenylmethyl ether with 2 equivalents of oleoyl chloride, linoleoyl chloride, elaidoyl chloride, or other acyl chlorides, respectively, and then removing the triphenylmethyl g oup EXAMPLE ll sn-Glycerol-2,3-carbonate A solution of 12.68 g (0.0475 mole) of sn-glycerol-3-(2,2,2- trichloroethyl) carbonate in 15 ml of dry pyridine was stirred at 60 for 18 hours. The solvent and trichloroethanol were evaporated at 55 (0.02 mm), ethyl acetate was added, and the solution was washed with small volumes of dil. HCl, water, NaHCO, and brine. The ethyl acetate was dried and concen- 5 trated to the syrupy sn-glycerol 2,3-carbonate. This material can be purified via the triphenylmethyl derivative (see Example 2) or by distillation: b.p. 150 (0.15mm); [011 27.84 (in substance). Anal. Calcd for C H O C, 40.68; H, 5.12. 10 Found: C, 40.44; H, 5.15.

sn-Glycerol-2,3-carbonate can also be prepared from snglycerol-3-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) carbonate by vacuum distillation of the diol.

We claim:

1. A compound of the formula 01: 0 R1 R OlllH 0112000 OCII2C Cl? 

2. A compound as claimed in claim 1, in which each R1 is stearoyl.
 3. A compound as claimed in claim 1, in which each R1 is oleoyl.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1, in which each R1 is linoleoyl. 